What is the recommended approach to rewarming frostbite in the field?

• A. Warm water (not hot).
• B. Very hot water.
• C. Room temperature water only.
• D. Direct sun exposure.

Answer: (A)

Controlled rewarming in warm water is the best approach. Immerse the frostbitten area in water around 37–40°C (98–102°F) for about 15–30 minutes until the tissue regains color and sensation. This gentle heating restores blood flow without causing further tissue damage that can come from heat that’s too intense. Using very hot water would burn and worsen injury, while room temperature water is not hot enough to rewarm effectively in a reasonable time. Direct sun exposure does not provide proper internal warming and can lead to surface damage and dehydration. After warming, protect the area, avoid rubbing, remove tight objects, and evacuate for definitive care.